Structure pdf c

The principle used in this program is the modulo operator, which yields a reminder when one number is divided by another number and integer division gives only an integer as result quotient , truncating the decimal portion. You can extend this program using loops to find the sum of any number. Let us understand through another simple program, the result of expressions where we declare the variables as float.

Note that when one of the operands is turned to be a float, we get a proper result. Let us understand the shift operators through a simple program. When we right shift a value, a zero is added in the left of the binary equivalent of the number. This is indirectly dividing the number by 2. When we left shift a number, we indirectly multiply the number by 2. Also, when an odd number is shifted, the result is always rounded. This is widely used for encoding and decoding purposes. When you XOR string or character with a character this is called the key , you get a result.

This is an encoded form. When you again XOR the result encoded form with the same key, you will get back the original character. If you XOR the encoded string with a different key, you will not get back the original string. The program shown below illustrates this concept. When dealing with string input and output, the scanf and prinf will not be handy when the string has an embedded space character.

Look at the program given. Note that printf is capable of printing the string with embedded spaces. C supports two other indirect input and output functions. These are sprintf and sscanf. The sprintf function behaves exactly same as the printf function except that instead of sending the result to the screen, the sprintf function stores the result in a string variable.

The sscanf function works in the reverse way of sprintf , i. The input variables a, b, c and d are stored in mystring through fprintf. The sscanf reads the mystring and distributes the values to the variables x, y, m and n. Sometimes it may be desirable to just press a character without any Enter key pressed after that.

The function getchar requires you to press Enter key after you type a character. Also, the getchar will allow you to enter more than one character before pressing Enter key, but will take into account the first character only. They will exactly take only one character as input and also they do not require you to press the Enter key.

The function getche will echo what you press while getch will not show on the screen. You can use putch or putchar to display the value. Look at the program. We will now extend the program to find the sum of digits of a given number. The program uses a while loop to keep track of the number of the digit being added. The program also uses a function which we will study later to compute the powers of This function called power10 also uses a while loop.

The program has a sprintf to convert the number to a string so that its length can be got. We will now develop a program to find the square root of a number using the iterative Newton- Raphson method.

The value of either of the variables is the square root of the given number. Let us now write a program to find all the factors of a given number. If the number is a prime number, the program displays that it is prime.

The program is written using a for loop and uses the initialization using comma operator in the for statement itself. We will look at one more example using nested for loop. We will find out the list of numbers that are perfect within a given range. A perfect number is one whose sum of factors including 1 is the number itself. The outer for loop enumerates the number range while the inner for loop identifies the factors one by one.

We will write a simple program that will demonstrate the usage of the break keyword. The program will accept a number and identify if it is a prime or composite number. Even if one factor is found, the program will break the for loop. The core logic is the separation of the digits in the input number.

The next program is to find from a list of numbers, the smallest and largest numbers. The array is not sorted. The program should also show the positions of these numbers.

The next program is to reverse the given array. The program simply reads each array element and swaps with the corresponding mirror element.

While swapping, the program uses a temporary variable. The looping must be done only up to half of the array size. This program is to find the LCM of two numbers. The program uses two arrays for multiples of each number. An array matching is done to find the common element. Though a greedy method to find LCM is available, this method is given here to highlight the usage of multiple single dimension arrays, array matching and nested for loops.

This program is to illustrate the usage of two-dimensional arrays to hold matrices. The program accepts two matrices and performs their addition. This program will find the transpose of a given matrix. The transpose is got by interchanging the rows and columns of a matrix.

Note in the program, how we change the columns to be outer loop and rows to be the inner loop and change the subscript order to print the transpose. This program is also a matrix related program. The program will compute the determinant of a given square matrix. Since the method is based on pivotal method, the diagonal elements should not be the same number.

The matrix is declared a float data type since the pivoted matrix will definitely be a float data type. This program demonstrates a very simple function.

It calls another function without any arguments and the function also does not return any value. A more complicated no return no argument function is in the next example. This program demonstrates a function call with arguments passed to the function.

The function gets two arguments from the main program and finds their maximum and displays the result. The function also returns a result back to the main program. This program accepts a character and calls a function to convert it to uppercase. The argument data type and return data type are both characters. This program demonstrates a nested function call. The main program calls a function. The function in turn calls another function.

These kinds of calls are nested function calls. This program demonstrates the recursive function usage. The program computes the greatest common divisor GCD of two integers recursively. This program demonstrates how to pass an array to a function.

The program accepts three numbers in an array. The array is passed to a function that computes the average of the three numbers. The arguments are int data types while the result is a float. This program demonstrates another interesting feature of auto. You can declare a variable with same within a function under different blocks. Ellis Horowitz, Anderson-Freed, Sahni.

S — the worst thing or can happen is someone posting link to download the book — this is illegal guys! Certified BuyerPune. Basic Concepts Chapter 2: Firstly, as bugkiller said, this question is not suitable for Codechef Discuss.

Priority Queues Chapter Linked Lists Chapter 5: It is good book covers all topics but there are no codes for fundamenttals and has theory and algorithm only for examples. Certified BuyerCoimbatore. Ellis Horowitz Anderson-Freed Sahni. Digital Search Structures Index. OR buy the book if it is that important for you.

It covers everything, starting from the most basic structures structs all the way upto advanced concepts. Reverse String using Pointers in C. Horowitz, Sahni, and Anderson-Freed. Certified BuyerAmb Industrial Area. Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics 5th Edition. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.

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